废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备胶粘剂的研究

利用石油裂解副产物为主要溶剂、废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为原料,以废治污,研制出了一种低成本胶粘剂,对该胶粘剂的配方进行了选择,对其性能指标进行了测试。     

电子垃圾拆解场多环境介质 多氯联苯(PCBs)污染特征及风险评估

多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)是一组氯代烃类化合物,有较强的生物毒性效应。研究通过采集中国某典型电子垃圾拆解区手工拆解场和焚烧场不同环境介质(大气、土壤、饮用水、食物等)分析15种PCBs同系物的污染水平。利用主成分/因子分析方法分析不同拆解场PCBs的来源。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的毒性当量因子(TEFs)方法评价了两个拆解场环境介质中8种PCBs同系物的毒性。结果显示研究区大气、土壤、饮用水、农作物和农产品样品中PCBs同系物浓度均高于国际已有报道的同种介质中的PCBs污染水平,其中PCB-047和PCB-171污染最为严重。手工拆解场各介质PCBs同系物中PCB-047、PCB-171所占比例为2%~87%;焚烧场各介质PCBs同系物中PCB-047、PCB-171所占比例为2%~90%;来源分析表明除手工拆解场PCB-126和焚烧场PCB-114外,其余PCBs的来源具有相似性;毒性当量(TEQ)评价结果显示区内大气∑TEQ PCBs最高。环境介质中除红薯干外,∑TEQ PCBs均是焚烧场高于手工拆解场,且TEQ PCB-126和TEQ PCB-169的毒性当量最高。     

塑料废弃物污染的综合治理研究进展

近年来,随着经济的发展,废旧塑料大幅增加,塑料废弃物所造成污染已经成为了破坏环境的主要因素之一.塑料废弃物污染即所谓的白色污染,主要是由废旧塑料高分子的不可降解性和添加剂的毒害性引起的.文章在对白色污染产生的背景及其污染危害的基础上,讨论了治理白色污染的治理的两个方面,一方面对可降解塑料和对废旧塑料的回收再生两个主要的技术研究开发方向进行了综述和展望,详细介绍了光降解塑料、光-生物双降解塑料和生物降解塑料的研发进展,并对填埋、焚烧和再生三种塑料废弃物的处理方法进行了详细的分析;另一方面就立足循环经济理论,加强政策法规的运用,同时加强宣传教育等方面的问题进行了讨论,并提出了相应的对策.     

基于工艺过程分析的废旧塑料再生利用污染源研究

在分析废旧塑料再生利用工艺过程的基础上,确定了废塑料综合利用工艺的产污节点,并通过物流平衡和水平衡计算,得出了总的产排污量,为环境保护措施提供重要依据,以实现保护环境和资源合理再生利用。     

The power of environmental norms: marine plastic pollution and the politics of microbeads

Emerging environmental norms gain strength and diffuse more quickly when scientific evidence of harm is consolidating, when activism is intensifying, and when political and corporate resistance is relatively weak. The anti-microbead norm – that plastic microbeads should be removed from personal care products – has been gaining global influence since 2012; witness the upsurge in anti-microbead activism, public concern, voluntary corporate phasedowns and governmental bans. By 2018, the world was on track to eliminate microbeads from ‘rinse-off’ products within a decade, reducing microplastics flowing into oceans by 1–2%. This confirms the power of environmental norms, but how and why this phaseout is occurring – unequally across jurisdictions, with firms creating loopholes, missing deadlines and limiting the scope of reforms – also reveals innate weaknesses of bottom-up, ad hoc norm diffusion as a way of improving marine governance. These weaknesses are heightened when economic stakes are high, solutions are complex and costly, authority is fragmented across jurisdictions and corporate resistance is strong.     

电子废物堆场表层土壤重金属元素的生态地球化学预警——以广东贵屿为例

电子垃圾及贵金属回收会造成严重的环境污染并使居民健康受损。通过基于元素形态的缓变型地球化学灾害模型和基于元素全量的多重分形,对广东省贵屿镇表层土壤有毒有害元素含量及分布进行研究。结果表明,贵屿镇家电拆解区的有毒有害元素Ni、Zn、Cd、As的可释放总量分别为11.42、39.00、0.111和1.25mg/kg,均超过对应临界值8.11、19.67、0.054和0.69mg/kg。80%的Cu的可释放总量为12.15mg/kg,超过临界值10.42mg/kg,说明TRCP的释放向有效形态转化的速度加速,具有爆发缓变型地球化学灾害的可能性;Hg、Pb元素服从高浓集的连续多重分形叠加模式,说明受人类活动影响强烈,Cd具有较小的分维数,自低含量点到高含量点的转化慢,表明有较多的高含量点分布,污染发展趋势较严重。贵屿镇与家电拆解有关的有毒有害元素污染均有进一步恶化的趋势。     

不同电子废弃物拆解场重金属经口暴露的健康风险研究

以浙江台州电子废弃物拆解区为研究区域,采用现场调查和实验室分析相结合的方法对不同拆解场(焚烧场、手工拆解场、酸洗场)各环境介质中Cu、Pb、Cd等共7种重金属的污染状况进行调查,运用美国环保局健康风险评价模型对不同场地的人群经口暴露的健康风险进行评估,并通过调查问卷、实测等方式优化了暴露参数.研究结果表明:3个拆解场经口暴露的风险度均超过国际组织推荐的可接受风险水平,其中:手工拆解场的致癌风险度最大,焚烧厂的非致癌风险水平最高.从暴露途径角度分析,食物摄入的致癌风险水平最高,地下水经口摄入的非致癌风险水平最高;从元素角度分析,As的致癌风险水平最高,Cr的非致癌风险度最大.敏感性分析表明:实测参数体重(BW)对健康风险具有负敏感性,约为14%～15%,污染物浓度(C)、摄入率(IRw、IRF、IRs)具有正敏感性,分别为15%～16%和15%.     

废PE塑料溶剂法制氧化聚乙烯蜡

研究了在不同溶剂中以聚乙烯废塑料制高附加值氧化聚乙烯蜡产品的方法,测定了所得产物的分子量、酸值、软化点,并用IR考察了含氧基团。结果表明,溶剂A体系中能制备出颜色、分子量、酸值合格的低分子量氧化聚乙烯蜡,产品软化点在101～110℃,相对分子质量为1500,3000,酸值是12。以废塑料包装为原料,氧气做氧化剂下制得的氧化聚乙烯蜡的酸值最高。     

Separation of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene waste plastics by froth flotation combined with ammonia pretreatment

The objective of this research is flotation separation of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) waste plastics combined with ammonia pretreatment. The PC and ABS plastics show similar hydrophobicity, and ammonia treatment changes selectively floatability of PC plastic while ABS is insensitive to ammonia treatment. The contact angle measurement indicates the dropping of flotation recovery of PC is ascribed to a decline of contact angle. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates reactions occur on PC surface, which makes PC surface more hydrophilic. Separation of PC and ABS waste plastics was conducted based on the flotation behavior of single plastic. At different temperatures, PC and ABS mixtures were separated efficiently through froth flotation with ammonia pretreatment for different time (13 min at 23 °C, 18 min at 18 °C and 30 min at 23 °C). For both PC and ABS, the purity and recovery is more than 95.31% and 95.35%, respectively; the purity of PC and ABS is up to 99.72% and 99.23%, respectively. PC and ABS mixtures with different particle sizes were separated effectively, implying that ammonia treatment possesses superior applicability.